Abstract The main objective of this paper was investigate the possible conditions and the influence of the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) on the rural development of microregions in the state of Minas Gerais, in the years 2006 and 2017. To this end, it was built through from factor analysis, the rural development index (IDR) for the purpose of synthesizing information related to rural development in Minas Gerais. The index was used to analyze possible spatial configurations and rural development conditions according to PRONAF. The main results obtained indicated that, despite the observance of improvements in family establishments, mainly, in economic terms (modernization and income) and the advance of the IDR of some microregions, the state of Minas Gerais was unable to boost its rural development only with the PRONAF. Although the distribution of the Program's resources in poorer regions was significant in 2006, in the year 2017, there was a directing of resources to regions with greater potential and whose agricultural production is turned to the foreign market.

Resumo O objetivo principal do artigo foi investigar as possíveis condições e a influência do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) sobre o desenvolvimento rural de microrregiões de Minas Gerais, nos anos de 2006 e 2017. Para tanto, foi construído o índice de desenvolvimento rural (IDR), por intermédio da análise fatorial. Em seguida, o IDR foi utilizado para analisar as possíveis condições do desenvolvimento rural de acordo com o PRONAF, a partir da análise qualitativa comparativa (QCA). Os principais resultados obtidos indicam que, apesar da observância de melhorias nos estabelecimentos familiares, principalmente em termos econômicos e o avanço do IDR em algumas microrregiões, Minas Gerais não conseguiu impulsionar o seu desenvolvimento rural somente com o PRONAF. Embora a distribuição dos recursos do programa em regiões mais carentes tenha sido significativa em 2006, no ano de 2017 observou-se o direcionamento dos recursos para regiões de maior potencial e produção agrícola voltada para o mercado externo.

Abstract Banana preserve is produced by mixing the puree of the fruit with sucrose and organic acids. However, concerns about body esthetics or health reasons have encouraged the search for low-calorie products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2), carrageenan gum, and low methoxyl pectin (LM-pectin) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sugar-free banana preserves. By using a central composite rotational design (CCRD) of 2³ + 6 axial points + 4 central points, we obtained 18 formulations that were further tested. Lower CaCl2 concentrations (0.54% to 0.61%) resulted in preserves with lower pH and more vivid color. The increased concentration of LM-pectin (1.40% to 1.64%) resulted in formulations with a yellowish-red hue and with lower moisture, thus, reducing the flavor and purchase intention of the product. Higher concentrations of carrageenan gum (1.04% to 1.15%) decreased the perception of banana preserve aroma. Therefore, concentrations of CaCl2 ranging from 0.54% to 0.61%, carrageenan gum ranging from 0.74% to 0.89% and LM-pectin ranging from 1.40% to 1.64% resulted in sugar-free banana preserves with ideal sweetness and consistency and were, therefore, more acceptable.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bodying agents (erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, and polydextrose) and their mixtures on the preparation of mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruit preserves (marolo, soursop, and sweet passion fruit). Mixture design was used for product optimization and the preserves were evaluated by texture profile, stress relaxation test, and uniaxial compression test. The research data were analyzed using regression equations on SAS software. The results indicated that the rheological parameters were affected by the body agents. Erythritol should not be used as an isolated component because it provoked changes in the properties of the final product (harder and brittle preserves); xylitol and sorbitol made preserves more elastic, cohesive, and more fragile; and polydextrose showed a synergistic effect with erythritol for rupture deformation and lesser effects for hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess.

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the association between the Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Adaptado para Gestantes (IQDAG) (Quality of Diet Index Adapted for Pregnant Women) with food consumption, lifestyle and health information. Methods: cross-sectional study with 110 pregnant women assisted at a public health service. Sociodemographic, nutritional and health data were collected from medical records. Food consumption was investigated through the usual intake, for a nutritional analysis, DietPro® program version 6.1 was used. Quality ofdiet was assessed using the IQDAG. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate an association between food consumption and IQDAG. Results: the average total score of the IQDAG was 61.3 (±26.1), this is the best quality of the diet. After adjusting for age, schooling and physical activity, the highest consumption of vitamin A (OR=1.04; CI95% = 1.02-1.07) and B2 (OR=2.63; CI95% = 1.19-5.70) was associated with a greater chance of having a better quality of diet (3rdtertile of the IQDAG). Conclusions: pregnant women with better quality of diet had higher intakes of vitamins A and B2. However, other population-based studies are suggested to more broadly in verify its association with food consumption and its ability to identify adherence to nutritional recommendations.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a associação entre o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Adaptado para Gestantes (IQDAG) com o consumo alimentar e hábitos de vida e informações de saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal com 110 gestantes atendidas em um serviço público de saúde. Os dados sociodemográficos, nutricionais e de saúde foram coletados a partir dos prontuários de atendimento. O consumo alimentar foi investigado por meio do recordatório de ingestão habitual, para a análise nutricional foi utilizado o Programa DietPro® versão 6.1. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada utilizando o IQDAG. A regressão logística multinomial foi usada para investigar a associação entre o consumo alimentar e IQDAG. Resultados: a média da pontuação total do IQDAG foi 61,3 (±26,1), isto é uma melhor qualidade da dieta. Após ajuste por idade, escolaridade e atividade física, o maior consumo de vitamina A (OR=1,04; IC95%= 1,02-1,07) e B2 (OR= 2,63; IC95%= 1,19-5,70) esteve associado a maior chance da gestante apresentar uma melhor qualidade da dieta (3º tercil do IQDAG). Conclusões: gestantes com melhor qualidade da dieta tiveram maior ingestão das vitaminas A e B2. Entretanto, sugere-se outros estudos de base populacional para verificar de forma mais ampla sua associação com o consumo alimentar e sua capacidade de identificar a adesão as recomendações nutricionais.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to avaliate of the concentration of hydrocolloids (low methoxyl pectin [LMP], guar gum [GG], and carrageenan gum [CG]) in low-calorie orange jellies in order to maximize the amount of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, and to study the influence on degradation these compounds. A mixture design with seven tests was used to analyze the total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods). The results were analyzed by response surface methodology and the Scott-Knott mean test at a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). In general, the regions containing 0.5% GG and 0.5% GC had higher levels of the variables under study, and this combination preserved the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of jellies in relation to that of orange juice.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women globally. Healthy eating, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet (MD), has been associated with a lower risk of developing BC, although this relationship remains inconclusive. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between MD adherence and the risk of BC development. A case-control study was carried out with 181 women divided into two groups: with BC (n= 90) and without breast cancer (WBC) (n= 91). Clinical and reproductive aspects were investigated through interviews, and food consumption was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to the MD was evaluated using the MD score. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS® software, with p<0.05. The results showed that the main type of breast carcinoma was invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for oestrogen or progesterone receptors. The mean MD score was 4.08 ± 1.61 and 4.22 ± 1.69 among women with BC and without BC, respectively, with no difference between the groups. The risk assessment of BC with respect to adherence to MD showed no significant difference after adjustments were made in the logistic regression models. In conclusion, this study showed that women with and without breast cancer had “medium adherence” to MD, with no difference between the groups. In the group of women investigated, adherence to MD did not affect the risk of developing the disease.

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama (CM) es la neoplasia más frecuente entre las mujeres del mundo, y la alimentación saludable, característica del patrón de la dieta mediterránea (DM), se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar CM, aunque esta relación sigue sin ser concluyente. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre la adherencia a la DM y el riesgo para el desarrollo de CM. Estudio de casos y controles realizados con 181 mujeres divididas en dos grupos: con cáncer de mama (n=90) y sin cáncer de mama (SCM; n= 91). Los aspectos clínicos y reproductivos se evaluaron a través de una entrevista; consumo de alimentos a través del cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea evaluada según la puntuación de DM. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software SPSS®, considerando valores significativos de p<0,05. Los resultados mostraron que el principal tipo de carcinoma de mama fue el carcinoma ductal invasivo, positivo para el receptor de estrógenos y progesterona. La puntuación media de DM fue de 4,08 ± 1,61 entre las mujeres con CM y de 4,22 ± 1,69 entre las que no tenían la enfermedad, sin diferencia entre los grupos. La evaluación del riesgo de CM en relación con la adherencia a la DM mostró que, después de ajustes en los modelos de regresión logística, no hubo diferencia significativa. En conclusión, el estudio muestra que las mujeres con y sin CM tuvieron “adherencia media” a la DM, sin diferencia entre los grupos. También mostró que, en el grupo de mujeres investigadas, la adherencia a la DM no influyó en el riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad.

Resumo Objetivos: verificar a correlação do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados de mães e filhos menores de dois anos de idade e as principais características relacionadas a este consumo. Métodos: estudo transversal conduzido nos serviços públicos de saúde. Aplicaram-se três recordatórios de 24 horas para avaliar o consumo alimentar. Os alimentos ultraprocessados foram agrupados em: bebidas açucaradas; carnes; molhos e cremes; lácteos; lanches; massas; e mucilagens. Calculou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal e a relação cintura/quadril da mãe, índice peso/estatura, estatura/idade, peso/idade e índice de massa corporal/idade da criança. Correlacionou-se a frequência de ultraprocessados na alimentação das crianças com: variáveis antropométricas da díade; frequência de ultraprocessados na alimentação materna. Comparou-se a média do consumo de ultraprocessados das crianças com uso de chupeta, mamadeira, aleitamento materno e condição socioeconômica. Modelos de regressão linear foram conduzidos. Resultados: avaliou-se 172 pares. Foi verificada semelhança no consumo de ultraprocessados de mães e filhos. A maior frequência de ultraprocessados correlacionou-se a maior idade da criança e ao maior índice de massa corporal/idade e índice peso/idade. Dos 39 alimentos ultraprocessados presentes na alimentação das mães, 22 correlacionaram com os da criança. Conclusão: o consumo de ultraprocessados pelas crianças se assemelha ao das mães e correlacionase com maiores valores dos índices peso/idade e índice de massa corporal/idade.

Abstract Objectives: to verify the correlation between the consumption of ultra-processed food among mothers and children under two years of age and the main characteristics related to this consumption. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in public health services. Three 24-hour recalls were applied to assess food intake. The ultra-processed food was grouped into: sugary drinks; meat; sauces and creams; dairy products; snacks; pastas; and mucilage. Themother’s body mass index and waist/hip ratio, and the child’s weight/height, height/age, weight/age and body mass index/age were calculated. The children’s ultra-process frequency as correlated with: anthropometric dyadic variables; ultra-process frequency on breastfeeding. The children’s average ultra-process intake was compared to pacifier, bottle, breastfeeding and socioeconomic status. Linear regression models were conducted. Results: 172 pairs were evaluated. Similarity was found in the mothers and children’s consumption of ultra-processed products. The higher frequency of ultra-processed products was correlated with older child and the higher body mass/age index and weight/age index. Of the 39 ultra-processed food present in the mothers’ diet, 22 were correlated to child’s Conclusion: the consumption of ultra-processed food by children is similar to their mothers and correlates with higher z-score values of weight/age and body mass/age index.

Abstract The Fundão dam burst polluted watercourses with mining tailings and harmed cities bathed by Doce River, that might have changed eating habits. This study evaluated changes in dietary habits and water use in Araújos Island, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, after contamination of the Doce River with mining tailings. Data were collected in residences through interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. Seventeen months after disaster, 73% of habitants changed water use habits, mainly for cooking (53%). Public supply water (PSW) was partially replaced for other sources, mainly mineral water. Additionally, 54% changed their dietary habits by reduction or interruption of the consumption of freshwater fish (50%), fruit (28%), vegetables (27%) and food made outside the home (40%). Most of them (96%) perceived an addition risk to food production after disaster. Financial (69%) and psychological (55%) damages as well as health risk (39%) were the negative effects most frequently mentioned. Only 13% positively evaluated the quality of PSW while 77% believe PWS may cause some type of damage in foods. Part (59%) did not believe in information regarding potability of PSW. These changes would be associated with healthier lifestyle habits, health risk perception about water quality and safety and lack of confidence about water potability.

ABSTRACT Motivated by the lack of studies that standardize and optimize the parameters of texture tests, this study aimed to determine the operating conditions for TPA to maximize the discrimination among samples of fruit preserves. The texture of the commercial guava preserves was evaluated using a texturometer. The Design Central Composite Rotational (DCCR) method was applied with four independent variables: speed test, sample volume, time between compression cycles and compression percentage. Only the compression percentage and test speed were significantly influenced by the texture parameters evaluated. The optimum operating region of TPA to better discriminate differences in texture parameters depended on the variable to be optimized, and for adhesiveness a compression of 75% and a compression speed of 0.23 mm·s are recommended. To detect differences among the samples for the parameters of cohesiveness, gumminess and resilience, the use of 15% compression and 2.59 mm·s speed is suggested. In both cases, one must employ the shortest time between two cycles and use a smaller sample size to save both the time of analysis and of the sample, respectively. For the parameters of hardness, elasticity and chewiness, optimal regions were not identified.

Abstract Factors that influence the acceptability and preferences of consumers have been perceived as sensory attributes, such as color, appearance, flavor, and texture. Understanding which attributes are most important for overall liking would be helpful to establish meaningful criteria for product grading. Thus, in addition to the overall chemical and sensory qualities, it is important to appreciate which sensory attributes make a product pleasant or unpleasant to a consumer. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory attribute that contributes most to the overall liking by a gamma regression model using different formulations of mixed fruit jams made with Brazilian Cerrado fruits. Based on the proposed model, we concluded that appearance was the most important predictor of the overall liking of the assessors.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a relação do excesso de peso materno com índices antropométricosinfantis, identificando a interação da idade da criança. Métodos: estudo transversal com mães e seus filhos menores de 2 anos. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura quadril e relação cintura estaturadas mães. Nas crianças, calculou-se os índices estatura/idade (E/I), índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I), peso/estatura (P/E) e peso/idade (P/I). Comparou-se as médias dos índices antropométricos das crianças com excesso de peso e risco cardiometabólico materno. Correlacionou-se índices antropométricos infantis e maternos. Modelos de regressão linear foram propostos. Foi investigada interação da idade da criança com variáveis antropométricas da díade. Resultados: as médias do IMC/I e P/E foram maiores em filhos de mães com excesso de peso e as médias do IMC/I, P/E e P/I foram maiores quando mães apresentaram risco aumentado para doenças cardiometabólicas. Verificou-se associação do peso e estatura materna com o índice P/I; do IMC materno com P/E; da estatura materna com E/I; do peso, IMC e perímetro da cintura materna com IMC/I. A idade das crianças não interagiu com os parâmetros avaliados. Conclusão: crianças menores de 2 anos, cujas mães têm excesso de peso, tendem a apresentar alteração no peso, independente da idade.

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the relation between maternal overweight and child’s anthropometric indices, identifying the interaction with the child's age. Methods: a cross-sectional study with mothers and their children under 2 years old. The mothers’ body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. In children, we calculated height/age (H/A), body mass index/age (BMI/A), weight/height (W/H) and weight/age (W/A) indices. The means of the anthropometric indices of children with excess weight and maternal cardiometabolic risk were compared. Mothers and children’s anthropometric indices were correlated. Linear regression models were proposed. We investigated the child's age interaction with anthropometric variables of the dyad. Results: the means of BMI/A and W/H were higher in children of overweight mothers and the means of BMI/A, W/H and W/A were higher when mothers had increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. There was an association of maternal weight and height with the W/A index; maternal BMI with W/H; maternal height with H/A; maternal weight, BMI and waist circumference with BMI/A. The children's age did not interact with the assessed parameters. Conclusion: children under 2 years of age, whose mothers are overweight, tend to show changes in weight, regardless of age.

Resumo: Introdução: Tem havido um crescente interesse no transplante de microbiota fecal (TMF) como forma de manipular a microbiota intestinal, com potencial benefício em doentes infetados com microorganismos resistentes aos antibióticos (MRA). Caso Clínico: Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 87 anos de idade com colangite ascendente recorrente por atonia biliar e atraso na drenagem biliar após múltiplas esfincterotomias e duas esfincteroplastias com balão. Neste contexto, o doente foi submetido a uma coledocoduodenostomia, mantendo, no entanto, episódios recorrentes de colangite com elevada frequência (2 semanas), o que motivou hospitalizações múltiplas com necessidade de antibioterapia de largo-espectro, tendo como consequência bacteriémias por MRA. Várias estratégias terapêuticas, como antibioterapia profilática (incluindo rifaximina), pré e probióticos, procinéticos e ácido ursodesoxicólico, foram tentadas sem sucesso. Após discussão multidisciplinar do caso foi proposta a realização de um TMF, como forma de manipular a microbiota intestinal e diminuir as bacteriémias por MRA. Realizámos um TMF por via baixa (colonoscopia) em Setembro de 2018, após o qual o doente teve mais 3 hospitalizações por colangite, com bacteriémia a um microorganismo apenas resistente à amoxicilina e ácido clavulânico. Considerando a aparente mudança no perfil de resistência microbiana, realizamos um segundo TMF em Janeiro de 2019 por via alta (endoscopia), após o qual o doente permaneceu assintomático e sem novos internamentos durante 4 meses. Em Abril de 2019, o doente voltou a ter três episódios de bacteriémia com necessidade de internamento, pelo que repetimos a realização do TMF por via alta. O doente permaneceu sem novos internamentos durante 4 meses. Nenhum dos procedimentos teve complicações. Discussão e Conclusão: O TMF parece ser um procedimento seguro e foi eficaz na redução de internamentos hospitalares e na mudança do perfil de resistência dos microorganismos isolados nas hemoculturas.

Abstract: Introduction: There has been a growing interest in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a way to manipulate gut microbiota, with potential benefit in patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Case Presentation: We present the case of an 87-year-old male with recurrent ascending cholangitis due to biliary atony and impaired biliary drainage after multiple biliary sphincterotomies and two papillary balloon dilations. In this context, a choledochoduodenostomy was performed, but the patient kept on having repeated episodes of acute cholangitis, resulting in multiple hospitalizations, every other week, with need of multiple broad-spectrum antibiotic courses, which led to bacteremias with MDR microorganisms. Several therapeutic strategies such as prophylactic antibiotics (including rifaximin), pre- and probiotics, prokinetics, and ursodeoxycholic acid were unsuccessfully attempted. After multidisciplinary case discussion, an FMT was proposed, with the aim of manipulating gut microbiota and decreasing MDR bacteremias. We first performed FMT via colonoscopy in September 2018, after which the patient still had 3 more hospitalizations for acute cholangitis, but isolated bacteria in blood cultures were resistant only to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Considering this apparent change in the microbial resistance profile, we performed a second FMT in January 2019 via the upper gastrointestinal route. During the next 4 months, the patient remained well. In April 2019, the patient relapsed again with three more episodes of cholangitis, for which we repeated the FMT via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. No readmissions were observed during the next 4 months. All three FMTs were performed without complications. Discussion and Conclusion: FMT seems to be a safe procedure and was effective in decreasing hospital admissions and changing the profile of MDR bacteria previously isolated from blood cultures.

Resumo Este artigo se constrói pelas leituras sobre Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS) na educação, ideias freireanas, currículo e Educação do Campo. Como principal objetivo, intentamos mostrar confluências e aproximações entre esses temas e suas contribuições às práticas pedagógicas na Educação do Campo. Além dessas leituras, pesquisamos no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e na Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), com objetivo de localizar a presença associada dos temas em trabalhos acadêmicos, destacando contextos, sujeitos e especificidades. Percebemos aspectos convergentes entre os temas e potencial de contribuição para uma educação que valorize a crítica, a autonomia e a participação social. Tais resultados apontam ainda que, embora isoladamente, ideias associadas à Educação do Campo, CTS, Paulo Freire e currículo sejam objetos de estudo em muitos trabalhos, conjugadas, entretanto, mesmo com articulações potentes, encontram-se em poucas pesquisas.

Abstract This article is grounded in the readings on Science - Technology - Society (STS) in education, Freirean ideas, curriculum, and Rural Education. As the main purpose, we intend to show confluences and similarities between these themes and their contributions to pedagogical practices in Rural Education. In addition to these readings, we searched into the Capes Journals Portal, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and the Online Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO), in order to find the associated presence of themes in academic works, highlighting contexts, subjects and specificities. We noticed converging aspects between the themes and the potential to contribute to an education that values criticism, autonomy and social participation. Such results also point out that, although in isolation, ideas associated with Rural Education, STS, Paulo Freire and curriculum are objects of study in many works, which combined, however, even with powerful articulations, are only found in few studies.

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar um intervalo de referência para a relação proteína C reativa (PCR)/albumina (R:PCR/ALB) na espécie canina e analisar o potencial de PCR, albumina e a relação entre ambas como indicadores de gravidade de doença, tempo de internação (TI) e mortalidade nesta espécie. Para isso, um estudo foi realizado em um Hospital Veterinário Escola no sul do Brasil. Cento e noventa cães foram incluídos aleatoriamente, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou raça, de junho de 2013 a novembro de 2016. O plasma foi coletado e analisado para avaliação da PCR e albumina. O intervalo de referência estipulado para o R:PCR/ALB em cães foi de 0,36-0,60, conforme determinado pelo intervalo de confiança da média das reamostragens (em percentis). Foram calculadas as frequências, médias e desvios-padrões das variáveis, análises de correlação e análises comparativas (Kruskal-Wallis em α = 5%). Notou-se elevação (acima da referência) da R:PCR/ALB proporcional à gravidade da doença de base, sendo normais as médias da PCR. Adicionalmente, a hipoalbuminemia foi indicadora de doença sistêmica, mas, não de gravidade. Dessa forma, a R:PCR/ALB foi melhor indicadora de gravidade de doença do que a PCR e albumina, analisadas separadamente. Em relação ao TI, houve correlação positiva com a R:PCR/ALB (p<0,01) em doentes, não sendo observado o mesmo com a PCR e albumina. Em relação à mortalidade, a hipoalbuminemia foi a única marcadora válida em animais com doenças críticas (p=0,04). Conclui-se, portanto, que a R:PCR/ALB é melhor marcadora de gravidade de doença e TI em cães do que a PCR e albumina analisadas separadamente.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to creates a reference interval for C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in the canine species and to analyze the potential of CRP, albumin and the relationship between both, to serve as indicators of disease severity, length of hospital stay (LoS) and mortality in this species. For this, an outcome study was conducted in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in southern Brazil. One hundred ninety dogs were included randomly, without distinction of gender, age, or breed, from June 2013 to November 2016. Plasma was collected from them and analyzed for assessment of CRP and albumin. The reference range stipulated for CAR in dogs was 0.36-0.60, as determined by the confidence interval of mean resamplings (in percentiles). The frequencies mean, and standard deviations of the variables, correlation analysis, and comparative analysis (Kruskal-Wallis in α = 5%) were calculated. Elevation (above reference) of CAR was determined to be proportional to the severity of the underlying disease, and CRP means were reasonable. Besides, hypoalbuminemia was indicative of systemic disease, but not of severity. Thus, CAR was a better marker of disease severity than were CRP and albumin, analyzed separately. Concerning LoS, there was a positive correlation with CAR (p<0.01) in patients, and the same was not observed with CRP and albumin. Concerning mortality, hypoalbuminemia was the only marker valid in animals with a critical illness (p=0.04). In conclusion, CAR is a better marker of disease severity and LoS in dogs than are CRP and albumin analyzed separately.